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1.銅鍛煉渣的品種

在火法銅鍛煉進程中，一般經過熔煉、吹煉、精粹三個工序產出粗銅或陽極銅，陽極銅經過電解精粹成為電解銅。吹煉渣回來熔煉工序，精粹渣回來吹煉工序；熔煉渣、吹煉渣有的工廠依據工藝需求裝備火法貧化工序，因而會發生貧化渣。熔煉爐選用的傳統設備為鼓風爐、反射爐、電爐等，新建的現代化大型銅鍛煉廠多選用比較先進的工藝，歸納起來有兩類，一類是懸浮熔煉工藝，比方祥光銅業的旋浮熔煉、奧托昆普的閃速熔煉、INCO氧氣閃速熔煉和德國KHD公司的CONTOP接連頂吹熔煉等；請關注花城珠江電纜另一類是熔(rong)池熔(rong)煉(lian)(lian)工藝，比(bi)方諾蘭(lan)達熔(rong)煉(lian)(lian)法(fa)(fa)、三(san)(san)菱(ling)法(fa)(fa)、瓦紐科夫法(fa)(fa)、艾(ai)薩法(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)白銀法(fa)(fa)等。吹煉(lian)(lian)爐以選(xuan)用(yong)臥式轉爐為主(zhu)，少(shao)數選(xuan)用(yong)虹吸式轉爐、三(san)(san)菱(ling)法(fa)(fa)吹煉(lian)(lian)爐和(he)(he)接(jie)連(lian)吹煉(lian)(lian)爐。由奧托昆(kun)普(pu)和(he)(he)肯尼科特一起研制(zhi)的閃速吹煉(lian)(lian)、祥(xiang)光銅(tong)業(ye)研制(zhi)旋浮(fu)吹煉(lian)(lian)現已成(cheng)功用(yong)于工業(ye)化出產(chan)，正逐漸開展成(cheng)為干(gan)流趨(qu)勢。精粹廣泛選(xuan)用(yong)回轉式精粹爐，只需極少(shao)數選(xuan)用(yong)反射爐。

銅(tong)鍛(duan)(duan)煉(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)又稱銅(tong)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)，按處理(li)辦法(fa)(fa)不(bu)同分為(wei)(wei)火(huo)法(fa)(fa)銅(tong)鍛(duan)(duan)煉(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)和(he)濕法(fa)(fa)銅(tong)鍛(duan)(duan)煉(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)，火(huo)法(fa)(fa)銅(tong)鍛(duan)(duan)煉(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)又稱銅(tong)鍛(duan)(duan)煉(lian)爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)或(huo)銅(tong)冶金(jin)爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)，濕法(fa)(fa)銅(tong)鍛(duan)(duan)煉(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)又稱銅(tong)浸(jin)出渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)或(huo)銅(tong)浸(jin)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)。依照火(huo)法(fa)(fa)鍛(duan)(duan)煉(lian)工(gong)藝(yi)又分為(wei)(wei)熔煉(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、吹(chui)煉(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、精粹渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)和(he)貧化渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)，依照設備不(bu)同分為(wei)(wei)鼓風爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、閃速爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、電爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、轉(zhuan)爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)和(he)反射爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)等(deng)。依據渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)冷卻(que)辦法(fa)(fa)不(bu)同，分為(wei)(wei)水淬(cui)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、天然(ran)冷卻(que)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、保(bao)溫冷卻(que)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)包(bao)緩冷渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)和(he)鑄渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)機鑄渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)等(deng)。

銅(tong)鍛煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)選用(yong)(yong)火(huo)(huo)法(fa)(fa)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)和(he)選礦(kuang)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)，火(huo)(huo)法(fa)(fa)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)多(duo)選用(yong)(yong)電爐(lu)(lu)法(fa)(fa)和(he)反射爐(lu)(lu)法(fa)(fa)，此外還有真空貧(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)、渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)桶(tong)法(fa)(fa)、熔(rong)(rong)鹽提取(qu)法(fa)(fa)等。火(huo)(huo)法(fa)(fa)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)發生的(de)(de)爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)即為(wei)棄渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)。熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)選用(yong)(yong)火(huo)(huo)法(fa)(fa)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)較(jiao)多(duo)，只(zhi)需少數選用(yong)(yong)選礦(kuang)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)。而吹煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)選用(yong)(yong)選礦(kuang)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)較(jiao)多(duo)，許多(duo)工(gong)廠不再(zai)回來熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)。近(jin)年(nian)來，因為(wei)銅(tong)鍛煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)選礦(kuang)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)藝(yi)具有成(cheng)本低、作用(yong)(yong)好、節能環保等十分顯著的(de)(de)工(gong)業優勢，現(xian)已逐漸呈現(xian)出替代火(huo)(huo)法(fa)(fa)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)開展(zhan)趨勢。現(xian)在選用(yong)(yong)選礦(kuang)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)有熔(rong)(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、吹煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、貧(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)。

2. 銅鍛煉渣的性質(zhi)與物相組成

銅(tong)鍛煉爐渣是火法(fa)冶金的一(yi)種產品，其(qi)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)首(shou)要(yao)來(lai)(lai)自礦石、熔(rong)劑、還原劑灰分中的造渣成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分十分雜亂。但(dan)總的來(lai)(lai)說，爐渣是各種氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)的熔(rong)體(ti)，這類(lei)氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)在不同的組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和溫度條件下能夠構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)化(hua)合物(wu)、有(you)少數硫化(hua)物(wu)、氮化(hua)物(wu)、硫酸鹽(yan)等。這些(xie)鹽(yan)有(you)的來(lai)(lai)自質料，有(you)的是作為助熔(rong)劑參加的。

一(yi)般(ban)情況下，吹煉(lian)渣(zha)含(han)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)檔次(ci)(ci)較(jiao)高(gao)，其次(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)熔煉(lian)渣(zha)，熔煉(lian)渣(zha)經過貧化(hua)的(de)貧化(hua)渣(zha)檔次(ci)(ci)最低，一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)1%以(yi)下。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)煉(lian)爐渣(zha)多呈黑(hei)色或是(shi)(shi)褐色，外表(biao)有(you)(you)(you)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬光澤，內部結構根本上為(wei)(wei)玻璃體，結構細密、硬而脆(cui)，化(hua)學成分(fen)比較(jiao)雜(za)亂，爐渣(zha)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)鐵(tie)、二氧(yang)化(hua)硅、氧(yang)化(hua)鈣、氧(yang)化(hua)鋁的(de)含(han)量(liang)較(jiao)高(gao)，占60%以(yi)上。因為(wei)(wei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)來(lai)歷(li)不同(tong)，除了(le)含(han)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)外，還含(han)有(you)(you)(you)鈷、鎳等有(you)(you)(you)價(jia)(jia)元素，一(yi)般(ban)還含(han)有(you)(you)(you)鉛、鋅、金(jin)(jin)(jin)、銀(yin)等有(you)(you)(you)價(jia)(jia)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬，但含(han)量(liang)較(jiao)低。從(cong)含(han)量(liang)規模來(lai)看，鐵(tie)含(han)量(liang)約為(wei)(wei)30～45%，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)含(han)量(liang)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)在(zai)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)1%，歸(gui)(gui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)貧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)規模，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)介乎于(yu)(yu)(yu)1～2%，歸(gui)(gui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)規模，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)在(zai)2%以(yi)上，歸(gui)(gui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)富銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)規模。礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)藏(zang)組(zu)(zu)成中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)絕大大都是(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)橄(gan)欖石，其次(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)磁鐵(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)，還有(you)(you)(you)少(shao)數脈石組(zu)(zu)成的(de)玻璃體；其間(jian)的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)藏(zang)，因為(wei)(wei)鍛(duan)煉(lian)工藝(yi)不同(tong)，則以(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、硫化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、化(hua)合(he)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等方式以(yi)及不同(tong)的(de)含(han)量(liang)散布于(yu)(yu)(yu)爐渣(zha)之中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。此外，單個(ge)鍛(duan)煉(lian)廠因處理的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)石質料特別，發生的(de)爐渣(zha)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有(you)(you)(you)金(jin)(jin)(jin)、銀(yin)、鈷等能夠收回的(de)有(you)(you)(you)價(jia)(jia)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬。

銅鍛(duan)(duan)煉渣從廣(guang)義上看是一種(zhong)(zhong)“人工礦(kuang)石(shi)”，它的(de)物(wu)(wu)質組(zu)成(cheng)結構是隨鍛(duan)(duan)煉進程的(de)條件(jian)不同而有所不同。銅鍛(duan)(duan)煉渣是一種(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)成(cheng)較為(wei)雜亂的(de)物(wu)(wu)質，一般(ban)含(han)有5～6種(zhong)(zhong)或更多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)氧(yang)化物(wu)(wu)及各種(zhong)(zhong)硫(liu)化物(wu)(wu)、硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽以及其他微量(liang)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)。外觀一般(ban)為(wei)黑(hei)色或黑(hei)綠色、細密堅固，比重(zhong)約(yue)為(wei)4，渣中(zhong)含(han)量(liang)最多(duo)的(de)是鐵和(he)硅(gui)(gui)，首要礦(kuang)藏為(wei)鐵橄(gan)欖(lan)石(shi)和(he)磁(ci)鐵礦(kuang)及少數(shu)(shu)的(de)磁(ci)黃鐵礦(kuang)，硅(gui)(gui)大部分(fen)(fen)造渣生成(cheng)鐵的(de)硅(gui)(gui)酸(suan)(suan)鹽，并(bing)有少數(shu)(shu)的(de)硅(gui)(gui)呈硅(gui)(gui)灰石(shi)及不透明(ming)的(de)玻璃體；其次為(wei)銅的(de)硫(liu)化物(wu)(wu)、金屬銅和(he)少數(shu)(shu)的(de)氧(yang)化銅等(deng)；還含(han)有極少數(shu)(shu)的(de)金、銀、鎳、鈷等(deng)有價成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)，首要散布在(zai)磁(ci)性鐵化合物(wu)(wu)和(he)鐵的(de)硅(gui)(gui)酸(suan)(suan)鹽中(zhong)，以亞鐵硅(gui)(gui)酸(suan)(suan)鹽或硅(gui)(gui)酸(suan)(suan)鹽方式存在(zai)。

爐渣(zha)(zha)(zha)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)多呈硫化(hua)物形(xing)狀存在，首要有似方輝銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)、輝銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)、黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)、似斑銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)和(he)金屬銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)藏(zang)在渣(zha)(zha)(zha)中常與鐵(tie)(tie)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖石(shi)(shi)(shi)基體(ti)和(he)磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)嵌(qian)布(bu)(bu)在一起(qi)，或(huo)呈球(qiu)狀被磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)所(suo)包裹(guo)。有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)則(ze)是銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)藏(zang)一起(qi)構成(cheng)斑狀結(jie)構與鐵(tie)(tie)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖石(shi)(shi)(shi)基體(ti)中，或(huo)數(shu)種銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)藏(zang)嵌(qian)布(bu)(bu)共生(sheng)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)藏(zang)和(he)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)藏(zang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粒(li)度大小則(ze)隨爐渣(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷卻條(tiao)件和(he)爐渣(zha)(zha)(zha)組分不同而有著很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異(yi)。爐渣(zha)(zha)(zha)中鐵(tie)(tie)與氧(yang)(yang)(yang)有較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)親和(he)力，構成(cheng)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鐵(tie)(tie)，其(qi)(qi)間一部分與渣(zha)(zha)(zha)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)硅(gui)構成(cheng)低熔點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖石(shi)(shi)(shi)，即爐渣(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基體(ti)，占(zhan)爐渣(zha)(zha)(zha)總鐵(tie)(tie)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)28%以(yi)上，其(qi)(qi)余部分則(ze)是Fe304,占(zhan)爐渣(zha)(zha)(zha)總鐵(tie)(tie)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)30%以(yi)上，尚有少數(shu)Fe2O3、FeS。渣(zha)(zha)(zha)中二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)硅(gui)除與FeO構成(cheng)鐵(tie)(tie)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖石(shi)(shi)(shi)外，還與CaO等(deng)構成(cheng)少數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)玻璃(li)相。

銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)煉渣(zha)的典(dian)型成分為(wei)(wei)(wei)Fe：29～40%、SiO2：30～40%、Al2O3: ≤10%、CaO: ≤11%、Cu: 0.42～4.6%；不同(tong)的鍛(duan)煉辦法其組成有所(suo)不同(tong)，不同(tong)熔(rong)煉爐渣(zha)中銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、鐵(tie)物相組成和含量(liang)也各不相同(tong)。熔(rong)煉爐渣(zha)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)檔次處(chu)(chu)于0.76～4.58%、鐵(tie)檔次40.92～45.99%之(zhi)(zhi)間。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)熔(rong)煉渣(zha)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)物相中首要以硫化(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，絕大大都占(zhan)到總(zong)(zong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)散布(bu)率的60%以上，最(zui)高抵(di)達(da)(da)87.13%，其次為(wei)(wei)(wei)氧化(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和金(jin)(jin)屬銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，氧化(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)則處(chu)(chu)于5～60%之(zhi)(zhi)間，最(zui)高可(ke)達(da)(da)56.55%；金(jin)(jin)屬銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)則處(chu)(chu)于9～25%之(zhi)(zhi)間，金(jin)(jin)屬銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)高達(da)(da)20.31%；單個爐渣(zha)其它銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)抵(di)達(da)(da)10%以上。鐵(tie)物相中以鐵(tie)橄(gan)欖(lan)石和磁(ci)鐵(tie)礦為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，二者之(zhi)(zhi)和占(zhan)到總(zong)(zong)鐵(tie)散布(bu)率的80%以上；其間鐵(tie)橄(gan)欖(lan)石處(chu)(chu)于8～65%之(zhi)(zhi)間，最(zui)高達(da)(da)62.14%；磁(ci)鐵(tie)礦則處(chu)(chu)于33～45%之(zhi)(zhi)間，最(zui)高達(da)(da)44.09%；單個赤褐鐵(tie)礦散布(bu)率較高，抵(di)達(da)(da)57.43%。

吹煉(lian)爐(lu)(lu)渣以轉爐(lu)(lu)渣為主，轉爐(lu)(lu)渣是(shi)(shi)冰銅(tong)經轉爐(lu)(lu)吹煉(lian)而產出(chu)爐(lu)(lu)渣。轉爐(lu)(lu)渣外觀成黑色(se)和(he)黑中(zhong)(zhong)透綠(lv)，性(xing)(xing)脆、堅固、結構細密(mi)，密(mi)度約為4～4.5t/m3，渣中(zhong)(zhong)元(yuan)素(su)含量最多的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)和(he)硅，它們都以化合(he)態(tai)方(fang)式(shi)存在于渣中(zhong)(zhong)，首(shou)要(yao)成分是(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)橄欖石和(he)磁鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)。水淬銅(tong)渣是(shi)(shi)一種黑色(se)、細密(mi)、堅固、耐磨的(de)(de)玻璃相，外觀呈粒狀(zhuang)和(he)條狀(zhuang)，攙雜(za)有(you)(you)(you)少數的(de)(de)針片狀(zhuang)，外表(biao)有(you)(you)(you)金屬光澤，顆粒形狀(zhuang)不(bu)規則，棱角清(qing)楚，密(mi)度3.3～4.5t/m3，松懈密(mi)度為1.6～2.0 t/m3。，孔(kong)隙率為50%左右，細度模數為3.37～4.52，屬粗砂型渣。此(ci)外，爐(lu)(lu)渣中(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)(you)(you)微量的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)毒元(yuan)素(su)、毒性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)(you)機物、放射(she)(she)性(xing)(xing)物質，不(bu)具有(you)(you)(you)浸出(chu)性(xing)(xing)毒性(xing)(xing)、腐蝕性(xing)(xing)、放射(she)(she)性(xing)(xing)及急性(xing)(xing)毒性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)任何一種以上的(de)(de)，為一般固體廢物，能(neng)夠進(jin)行開發性(xing)(xing)研討。因為工藝條件(jian)不(bu)同，物相組(zu)成也存在必(bi)定的(de)(de)差異(yi)。

吹煉轉爐渣銅(tong)(tong)檔(dang)次(ci)處(chu)于(yu)1.74～7.26%、鐵(tie)檔(dang)次(ci)49.45～53.59%之(zhi)間。銅(tong)(tong)轉爐渣銅(tong)(tong)物相(xiang)中(zhong)首要以硫化(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)和金屬銅(tong)(tong)為主(zhu)，二者之(zhi)和占到(dao)(dao)總(zong)銅(tong)(tong)散(san)布率的78%以上；其間硫化(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)處(chu)于(yu)44～96%之(zhi)間，最高(gao)(gao)可(ke)達(da)(da)(da)90.4%；金屬銅(tong)(tong)則處(chu)于(yu)15～36%之(zhi)間，最高(gao)(gao)達(da)(da)(da)35.14%；氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)則處(chu)于(yu)10～20%之(zhi)間，最高(gao)(gao)可(ke)達(da)(da)(da)19.82%。鐵(tie)物相(xiang)中(zhong)以鐵(tie)橄欖石(shi)和磁鐵(tie)礦為主(zhu)，二者之(zhi)和占到(dao)(dao)總(zong)鐵(tie)散(san)布率的50%以上；鐵(tie)橄欖石(shi)處(chu)于(yu)8～70%之(zhi)間，最高(gao)(gao)可(ke)達(da)(da)(da)69.88%；磁鐵(tie)礦處(chu)于(yu)26～80%之(zhi)間，最高(gao)(gao)抵達(da)(da)(da)78.18%。

3. 銅鍛(duan)煉(lian)渣的選(xuan)礦(kuang)辦(ban)法

銅(tong)鍛煉爐(lu)渣在大(da)大(da)都情(qing)況下含有可收回的(de)黑(hei)色(se)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)、有色(se)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)以(yi)及稀貴金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)等，往往是成(cheng)分改變很大(da)的(de)混合物。假如(ru)想收回銅(tong)鍛煉爐(lu)渣中(zhong)的(de)各種有價(jia)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)藏，能夠(gou)選用多(duo)種選礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)。詳細的(de)爐(lu)渣選礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)應依據爐(lu)渣性質和可收回金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的(de)品種而定。總的(de)說(shuo)來，銅(tong)鍛煉爐(lu)渣的(de)選礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)包含浮游(you)選礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、磁力(li)選礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、重力(li)選礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、化(hua)學選礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)以(yi)及聯合選礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)等多(duo)種選礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)。以(yi)上每(mei)種選礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)又依據詳細的(de)流程和設備的(de)不同組合分為更多(duo)的(de)選礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)。

含(han)有(you)有(you)色(se)金(jin)屬的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)鍛煉(lian)爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)礦(kuang)藏(zang)一般(ban)可浮(fu)(fu)(fu)性(xing)強(qiang)，多(duo)(duo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)游選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)礦(kuang)法(fa)(fa)對有(you)色(se)金(jin)屬進行(xing)收回(hui)，比方(fang)含(han)有(you)銅(tong)(tong)、鉛、鋅等(deng)金(jin)屬的(de)(de)(de)鍛煉(lian)爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)均(jun)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)法(fa)(fa)。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)含(han)有(you)氧化(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)、金(jin)屬銅(tong)(tong)、金(jin)、銀礦(kuang)藏(zang)，除(chu)了浮(fu)(fu)(fu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)外，依據銅(tong)(tong)、金(jin)、銀等(deng)礦(kuang)藏(zang)比重(zhong)差(cha)異和(he)化(hua)(hua)學特(te)性(xing)則能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)重(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)或許化(hua)(hua)學選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)礦(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)法(fa)(fa)進行(xing)處理。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)鍛煉(lian)爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)鐵(tie)和(he)鈷(gu)礦(kuang)藏(zang)，因為均(jun)具有(you)較強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)性(xing)，能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)挑選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)磁(ci)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)法(fa)(fa)進行(xing)收回(hui)。含(han)有(you)稀貴金(jin)屬礦(kuang)藏(zang)的(de)(de)(de)鍛煉(lian)爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)一般(ban)依據金(jin)屬礦(kuang)藏(zang)的(de)(de)(de)比重(zhong)差(cha)異和(he)化(hua)(hua)學特(te)性(xing)多(duo)(duo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)重(zhong)力(li)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)礦(kuang)和(he)化(hua)(hua)學選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)礦(kuang)收回(hui)。比方(fang)含(han)金(jin)爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)用(yong)(yong)重(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)法(fa)(fa)收回(hui)爐(lu)(lu)渣(zha)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)，也能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)用(yong)(yong)混汞或化(hua)(hua)學浸出等(deng)化(hua)(hua)學選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)礦(kuang)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)法(fa)(fa)收回(hui)，也能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)使用(yong)(yong)含(han)金(jin)礦(kuang)藏(zang)的(de)(de)(de)可浮(fu)(fu)(fu)性(xing)用(yong)(yong)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)進行(xing)收回(hui)，一般(ban)多(duo)(duo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)聯合選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)礦(kuang)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)法(fa)(fa)。

現在國際規模內，依據銅(tong)鍛煉爐(lu)渣的性質(zhi)，使用于出產(chan)實踐(jian)的、老練(lian)的選(xuan)礦(kuang)工(gong)藝(yi)，根本上以銅(tong)、鐵為首要(yao)收回(hui)目標。依據礦(kuang)藏學爐(lu)渣性質(zhi)特(te)征，一般選(xuan)用浮選(xuan)和磁選(xuan)的選(xuan)礦(kuang)辦法。關于含有稀散金屬礦(kuang)藏、難選(xuan)礦(kuang)藏的爐(lu)渣，要(yao)選(xuan)用化學選(xuan)礦(kuang)或聯合選(xuan)礦(kuang)工(gong)藝(yi)來進行(xing)歸納收回(hui)處(chu)理(li)。

4. 銅鍛煉渣選技(ji)能的(de)重要價值和未來開(kai)展遠景

銅鍛煉渣選礦技能(neng)是一(yi)種節能(neng)環保型技能(neng)，具有十分重要的經濟價值和環保價值。

曩昔，銅鍛(duan)煉(lian)(lian)轉爐(lu)(lu)(lu)渣(zha)(zha)回來熔煉(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)從(cong)頭熔煉(lian)(lian)時(shi)，因(yin)為熔煉(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)渣(zha)(zha)黏性增大，使冰銅和爐(lu)(lu)(lu)渣(zha)(zha)別離(li)條件(jian)變壞，導致鍛(duan)煉(lian)(lian)歸納目標下降。后(hou)來，跟著國(guo)際銅冶金技能(neng)的(de)(de)不(bu)斷優化(hua)晉級，銅鍛(duan)煉(lian)(lian)渣(zha)(zha)選(xuan)礦技能(neng)在銅鍛(duan)煉(lian)(lian)進程中得到使用(yong)和開(kai)展，逐漸替代了(le)銅渣(zha)(zha)火法(fa)貧(pin)化(hua)工(gong)藝后(hou)，渣(zha)(zha)回來量少，大大削(xue)減爐(lu)(lu)(lu)床占用(yong)面積，消(xiao)除了(le)四氧(yang)化(hua)三鐵對熔煉(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)晦氣影響(xiang)。

選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)電爐(lu)貧(pin)化(hua)(hua)工藝， 棄(qi)渣銅(tong)(tong)含量(liang)高達0.5％ ～0.6％，耗(hao)電抵達145kW.h／t，環境污染嚴峻(jun)。芬蘭奧托昆普(pu)公司(si)(si)1996年曾經選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)電爐(lu)貧(pin)化(hua)(hua)法(fa)處理閃速熔煉渣和吹煉渣，棄(qi)渣含銅(tong)(tong)為0.5% ～0.7%，銅(tong)(tong)收(shou)回(hui)(hui)率為77％，而(er)改用(yong)(yong)選(xuan)礦(kuang)(kuang)法(fa)后(hou)，渣中(zhong)含銅(tong)(tong)量(liang)為0.3～0.35％，銅(tong)(tong)收(shou)回(hui)(hui)率進(jin)步至(zhi)91.1%。大冶諾蘭達爐(lu)試出產時，諾蘭達熔煉渣用(yong)(yong)反射爐(lu)貧(pin)化(hua)(hua)，棄(qi)渣含銅(tong)(tong)平(ping)均為0.73%，而(er)改用(yong)(yong)選(xuan)礦(kuang)(kuang)貧(pin)化(hua)(hua)后(hou)，渣含銅(tong)(tong)降到(dao)0.35%以下。銅(tong)(tong)收(shou)回(hui)(hui)率高達94％以上。奧托昆普(pu)公司(si)(si)，用(yong)(yong)電爐(lu)貧(pin)化(hua)(hua)時的電耗(hao)為90kwh／噸渣，而(er)選(xuan)礦(kuang)(kuang)法(fa)為44.2kwh／噸渣。在節能(neng)和進(jin)步銅(tong)(tong)收(shou)回(hui)(hui)率方面，渣選(xuan)礦(kuang)(kuang)技能(neng)與比慣例火(huo)法(fa)比較，具有節能(neng)、收(shou)回(hui)(hui)率高級杰(jie)出長處。

在環境保護和資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方面，選礦貧(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技能(neng)與火法(fa)(fa)貧(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)比較(jiao)，無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)在基建投(tou)資(zi)(zi)仍是(shi)設備保護上都較(jiao)為低(di)價。火法(fa)(fa)貧(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)生低(di)濃度(du)的(de)SO2煙(yan)氣，不能(neng)經濟地(di)處理(li)而直接排(pai)放到(dao)大氣中，嚴峻(jun)污染環境。而選礦法(fa)(fa)一般(ban)在常溫常壓及弱(ruo)堿介(jie)質(zhi)中進(jin)行，只需處理(li)好浮選廢水的(de)處理(li)及回(hui)用(yong)問題，就能(neng)夠(gou)做(zuo)到(dao)對環境的(de)“零(ling)污染”。火法(fa)(fa)貧(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工藝(yi)(yi)僅限于對銅(tong)金屬的(de)收(shou)回(hui)， 而渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)選礦技能(neng)不只能(neng)夠(gou)作為銅(tong)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)貧(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工藝(yi)(yi)，收(shou)回(hui)其(qi)間的(de)銅(tong)礦藏(zang)，還能(neng)夠(gou)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)收(shou)回(hui)銅(tong)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)中的(de)其(qi)它有價資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)。使(shi)銅(tong)鍛(duan)煉渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、無(wu)害(hai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，削減(jian)占地(di)和促進(jin)企業(ye)(ye)可(ke)持續開(kai)展(zhan)是(shi)我國(guo)確保企業(ye)(ye)健康(kang)開(kai)展(zhan)的(de)根本(ben)國(guo)策，也是(shi)當(dang)今國(guo)際開(kai)展(zhan)的(de)年代潮流(liu)。自2006年我國(guo)實(shi)施(shi)銅(tong)鍛(duan)煉職業(ye)(ye)準入準則后，根本(ben)確立了(le)(le)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)選礦貧(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技能(neng)在銅(tong)鍛(duan)煉職業(ye)(ye)的(de)重要位(wei)置，使(shi)我國(guo)銅(tong)鍛(duan)煉企業(ye)(ye)的(de)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)貧(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工藝(yi)(yi)逐漸(jian)走上了(le)(le)選礦貧(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技能(neng)之(zhi)路(lu)。因而，銅(tong)鍛(duan)煉渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)選礦技能(neng)替代火法(fa)(fa)貧(pin)(pin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工藝(yi)(yi)是(shi)年代潮流(liu)，勢不可(ke)擋。

我國(guo)(guo)是銅(tong)(tong)(tong)消(xiao)費大(da)國(guo)(guo)和銅(tong)(tong)(tong)進口大(da)國(guo)(guo)，自改(gai)革(ge)開放以來，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)產(chan)值(zhi)一直(zhi)呈迅猛(meng)增加(jia)勢態，2000年我國(guo)(guo)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)產(chan)值(zhi)抵達132萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，逾越(yue)智利(li)躍居國(guo)(guo)際第一，2010年我國(guo)(guo)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)產(chan)值(zhi)增加(jia)到479萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，2020年猛(meng)增到1003噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，2020年產(chan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)煉渣產(chan)值(zhi)抵達約(yue)3000多萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)。國(guo)(guo)內(nei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)煉渣選礦技(ji)能現已取(qu)得(de)了巨(ju)大(da)進步，可(ke)將銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)煉渣含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)檔次下降到0.25%以下，抵達國(guo)(guo)際領先水平(ping)。依照(zhao)每(mei)(mei)年國(guo)(guo)產(chan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)煉渣3000多萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)核算，經過銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)煉渣選礦技(ji)能處理，每(mei)(mei)將銅(tong)(tong)(tong)渣檔次下降0.1個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)，依照(zhao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)現價58000元/噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)核算，將會多發明約(yue)17.4億元的(de)經濟效益；銅(tong)(tong)(tong)渣中含有近40%左右的(de)鐵，假如(ru)多收回(hui)1個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)的(de)鐵，其發明的(de)財富(fu)也(ye)相當可(ke)觀。

在(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)煉爐渣中(zhong)含有銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)、鈷、鎳(nie)、鉛、鋅和硅等很多的(de)有價元(yuan)素(su)。現在(zai)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)資源(yuan)嚴(yan)峻不足，對國(guo)外礦(kuang)(kuang)藏(zang)構(gou)成嚴(yan)峻依(yi)靠(kao)，我(wo)國(guo)鋼鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)工業開展迅速，對鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)石需(xu)求(qiu)激增，而(er)國(guo)內供應卻遠不能滿意鋼鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)工業的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)。國(guo)際市場(chang)上鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)石價格(ge)接連幾年暴升，影(ying)響(xiang)了(le)我(wo)國(guo)鋼鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)工業的(de)健康(kang)開展。近年來，我(wo)國(guo)科技人(ren)員現已做了(le)很多的(de)研討作(zuo)業，在(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)渣改性歸(gui)納收回合格(ge)檔(dang)次的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)精(jing)礦(kuang)(kuang)、鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)合金及隸屬金屬方面(mian)，現已取得了(le)可喜(xi)成果。因而(er)，不難猜測銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)煉渣選礦(kuang)(kuang)技能將會有十分較好的(de)使用遠景。

我國渣選礦(kuang)(kuang)技能已進入全(quan)面開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)階(jie)段，《銅鍛煉渣選礦(kuang)(kuang)》專著應運而生，及時滿意了我國銅鍛煉開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)的(de)理(li)(li)論和學習(xi)的(de)需(xu)求，遭到銅鍛煉職業廣闊技能人(ren)員(yuan)和管(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)好評。

銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)選礦(kuang)技能(neng)(neng)現(xian)在首要使用于轉爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、電爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)或二者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混合渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)以及(ji)閃(shan)速熔煉(lian)(lian)爐(lu)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)；渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)選礦(kuang)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尾(wei)(wei)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)單(dan)個企業(ye)憑(ping)仗區域優勢，以水(shui)泥填料方(fang)式出售(shou)給水(shui)泥廠，完(wan)成了(le)無尾(wei)(wei)化出產(chan)；但(dan)大都(dou)偏(pian)僻(pi)企業(ye)遭到區域約束(shu)，尾(wei)(wei)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)依(yi)然(ran)以固廢方(fang)式堆(dui)存。伴跟(gen)著國(guo)(guo)(guo)際銅(tong)(tong)(tong)冶(ye)金工業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)日(ri)益(yi)貧(pin)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緊(jin)張局勢，人(ren)們更(geng)多地考慮了(le)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)使用程度、鍛(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)經濟(ji)(ji)效益(yi)和(he)人(ren)類生(sheng)存環境等問題；我國(guo)(guo)(guo)是國(guo)(guo)(guo)際上(shang)人(ren)均占有資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)最少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家，跟(gen)著我國(guo)(guo)(guo)經濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)昌盛和(he)騰飛，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)危機就(jiu)會越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)嚴峻，對資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化循環技能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)就(jiu)會越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)火急。深入開展(zhan)(zhan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)選礦(kuang)和(he)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化技能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)討與使用作(zuo)業(ye)，將成為我國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)(ke)技人(ren)員未來(lai)(lai)作(zuo)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要點。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)選礦(kuang)技能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)為銅(tong)(tong)(tong)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)貧(pin)化及(ji)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化技能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎學科(ke)(ke)，是銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心技能(neng)(neng)，學習和(he)把握銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鍛(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)選礦(kuang)技能(neng)(neng)，在加速開展(zhan)(zhan)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)循環經濟(ji)(ji)、加強環境保護、削減資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)糟蹋(ta)和(he)增強國(guo)(guo)(guo)家實力方(fang)面，將會發生(sheng)十分深遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。